Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu is a state in southeast India. Located
at 13.090 North and at 80.270 degree East, Tamil Nadu has
an area of 130,058 square kilometres. 72,147,030 people live here. The state
was formed on 26th January in 1950. Chennai is its capital. It has 32
districts. The Governor is Konijeti Rosaiah. Jayalalithaa from AIADMK is the Chief
Minister of Tamil Nadu. There is Madras High Court in this state. The literacy
rate of this Tamil state is 80.33 percent. The official language is Tamil.It
has Telegu, Kannada, Urdu, Malayalam, Marathi languages other than main
language Tamil. The state has 39 parliamentary constituencies and 234 assembly
constituencies. The state has 87.6 percent Hindu,6.1 percent Christian, 5.9
percent Muslim, .12 percent Jains, .02 percent Sikh , and .01 percent Buddhist.
Basic Electoral Information:-
Bicameral Tamil Nadu became unicameral after 1986.
The people of Tamil Nadu experienced the impositions of Presidential Rule for
four-term; first from 1976 to 1977, next for a short term in 1980, then from
1988 to 1989 and the last in 1991. The state holds 234 legislative assembly
constituencies and 39 Parliamentary constituencies. 44 seats are reserved for
SC while 2 are reserved for scheduled tribes in the 234 constituencies.Rajesh
Lakhoni is the Chief Electoral Officer.
AIADMK bagged 203 seats in 2011 assembly election
while DMK managed 31 constituencies.
AIADMK did well in 2014 Loksabha too. It won 37 assembly seats leaving
DMK constituency-less.
Political Parties of Tamil Nadu
The DMK was a more popular party for its anti-Hindi
movement. It came to power in 1967.Congress lost its stronghold. C.N. Annadurai
from DMK became the first Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. M Karuananidhi
succeeded Annadurai after his death in 1969.MG Ramachandran challenged the
leadership of Karunanidhi and formed a separate political party Anna Dravida
Munnetra Kazhagam, later All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. He was the
Chief Minister from 1977 to 1987. After the death of MG Ramachandran, the party
was divided into two groups; one was headed by the wife of MGR Janaki and
another by Jayalalithaa. The party faced a defeat in 1989 election.Later
Jayalalithaa was elected as the General Secretary of AIADMK.
DMK has connected to Congress in the 2016 General
Assembly Election in Tamil Nadu. AIADMK has allied with smaller parties.
Vijaykanth’s DMDK had made alliance with PWF.
The main
national parties in the state are:
- Indian National congress
(INC)
- Bharatiya Janata party (BJP)
- Communist Party of India
(Marxist) (CPI(M))
- Communist Party of India
(CPI)
The main
state and regional parties are:
- All India Anna Dravida
Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)
- Desiya Murpokku Dravida
Kazhagam (DMDK)
- Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
(DMK)
- Dravida Kazhagam (DK)
- Manithaneya Makkal Katchi
- Pattali Makkal Katchi (PMK)
- Puthiya Tamilagam
- Viduthalai Chiruthaigal
Katchi
Ruling Parties in the
Previous Bidhansabhas ( Legislative Assemblies):-
|
Year
|
Vidhan
Sabha
|
Winning
Party
|
|
1952
|
First
(as Madras )
|
Congress
|
|
1957
|
Second
|
Congress
|
|
1962
|
Third
|
Congress
|
|
1967
|
Fourth
|
DMK
|
|
1971
|
Fifth
|
DMK
|
|
1977
|
Sixth
|
AIADMK
|
|
1980
|
Seventh
|
AIADMK
|
|
1984
|
Eighth
|
AIADMK
|
|
1989
|
Ninth
|
DMK
|
|
1991
|
Tenth
|
AIADMK
|
|
1996
|
Eleventh
|
DMK
|
|
2001
|
Twelfth
|
AIADMK
|
|
2006
|
Thirteenth
|
DMK
|
|
2011
|
Fourteenth
|
AIADMK
|
2016
Tamil Nadu General Assembly Election Results:-
2016 Assembly Election Results:-
Exit Polls by several national and regional authorities
failed as Jayalalithaa has come to power again in Tamil Nadu.All India Anna
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam has won 134 seats alone. DMK has won 89 seats leaving
Congress to grasp 8 constituencies.
|
Party
|
Won
|
|
Indian
National Congress
|
8
|
|
All India
Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
|
134
|
|
Dravida
Munnetra Kazhagam
|
89
|
|
Indian
Union Muslim League
|
1
|
|
Total
|
232
|
Votes and Percentage in Tamil Nadu
2016 Assembly Election
|
Party
|
Votes
|
Percentage
|
|
ADMK
|
17,617,060
|
40.8
|
|
DMK
|
13,670,511
|
31.6
|
|
INC
|
2,774,075
|
6.4
|
|
PMK
|
2,300,775
|
5.3
|
|
BJP
|
1,228,692
|
2.8
|
|
DMDK
|
1,034,384
|
2.4
|
|
IND
|
617,907
|
1.4
|
|
ntk
|
458,104
|
1.1
|
|
MDMK
|
373,713
|
.9
|
|
CPI
|
340,290
|
.8
|
|
VCK
|
331,849
|
.8
|
|
IUML
|
313,808
|
.7
|
|
CPM
|
307,303
|
.7
|
|
TMC(M)
|
230,711
|
.5
|
|
PT
|
219,830
|
.5
|
|
MAMAK
|
197,150
|
.5
|
|
KMDK
|
167,560
|
.4
|
|
BSP
|
97,823
|
.2
|
|
SDPI
|
65,978
|
.2
|
|
AIFB
|
44,235
|
.1
|
|
IJK
|
36,125
|
.1
|
|
tavk
|
34,012
|
.1
|
|
TMMK
|
28,855
|
.1
|
|
SHS
|
13,640
|
0.0
|
|
NCP
|
11,842
|
0.0
|
|
GMI
|
11,683
|
0.0
|
|
YSP
|
10,361
|
0.0
|
|
AIMIM
|
10,289
|
0.0
|
|
SUSP
|
7,640
|
0.0
|
|
AIFB(S)
|
6,261
|
0.0
|
|
ETMK
|
5,257
|
0.0
|
|
WPOI
|
5,231
|
0.0
|
|
CPI(ML)(L)
|
4,972
|
0.0
|
|
PPIS
|
4,841
|
0.0
|
|
SP
|
4,464
|
0.0
|
|
LJP
|
4,150
|
0.0
|
|
IDMMK
|
4,026
|
0.0
|
|
UCPI
|
3,902
|
0.0
|
|
VBMP
|
3,519
|
0.0
|
|
GokMK
|
3,357
|
0.0
|
|
VTIP
|
2,874
|
0.0
|
|
MMKA
|
2,372
|
0.0
|
|
RPI(A)
|
2,280
|
0.0
|
|
SDP
|
2,210
|
0.0
|
|
JD(U)
|
2,074
|
0.0
|
|
GPI
|
1,840
|
0.0
|
|
UMK
|
1,728
|
0.0
|
|
SMK
|
1,695
|
0.0
|
|
VTK
|
1,540
|
0.0
|
|
NMK
|
1,534
|
0.0
|
|
DCLF
|
1,411
|
0.0
|
|
FDLP
|
1,373
|
0.0
|
|
FIP
|
1,359
|
0.0
|
|
AIPMK
|
1,321
|
0.0
|
|
RPI
|
1,131
|
0.0
|
|
EDP
|
993
|
0.0
|
|
AIJMK
|
953
|
0.0
|
|
VVIP
|
910
|
0.0
|
|
RSPS
|
768
|
0.0
|
|
JD(S)
|
711
|
0.0
|
|
GAPP
|
710
|
0.0
|
|
AMMK
|
698
|
0.0
|
|
TSC
|
655
|
0.0
|
|
ICF
|
627
|
0.0
|
|
INMMK
|
608
|
0.0
|
|
MKat
|
582
|
0.0
|
|
MakKK
|
547
|
0.0
|
|
TMK
|
536
|
0.0
|
|
CPIM
|
378
|
0.0
|
|
AlPP
|
322
|
0.0
|
|
rpsn
|
307
|
0.0
|
|
JKNPP
|
297
|
0.0
|
|
SUCI
|
259
|
0.0
|
|
PTK
|
246
|
0.0
|
|
DPI
|
245
|
0.0
|
|
ThP
|
234
|
0.0
|
|
ABHM
|
211
|
0.0
|
|
RtrJP
|
210
|
0.0
|
|
DMSK
|
199
|
0.0
|
|
JJ
|
189
|
0.0
|
|
CDF
|
173
|
0.0
|
|
SaSaP
|
163
|
0.0
|
|
AUK
|
147
|
0.0
|
|
MSKK
|
130
|
0.0
|
|
SaSP
|
127
|
0.0
|
|
DMMK
|
121
|
0.0
|
|
BPF
|
106
|
0.0
|
|
RJD
|
90
|
0.0
|
|
SAP
|
86
|
0.0
|
|
AIWUP
|
72
|
0.0
|
|
JaSD
|
54
|
0.0
|
|
NOTA
|
561,244
|
1.3
|
Why
has Jayalalithaa won?
Grievance against Amma Government:-
Some people complain that there is no development in the state’s energy
sector and transportation. The employees worked less to enjoy more time in her
chief ministry. From councilor to secretariat are corrupted. Incapability to
tackle the Tamil Nadu flood was a vital blow to Jayalalithaa. All parties
including Congress, DMK, BJP complained of her inability to save the people of
Tamil Nadu against a natural disaster. Rahul Gandhi even complained that their
Amma was sitting in her home while the people of Tamil Nadu were dying.
Success as the Government:-
Tamil Nadu saw a strong internal security, economy, healthcare and
infrastructure under the leadership of Jayalalithaa. The ban of drink impressed
the women of Tamil Nadu. Only the government can sell liquor. The law and order remain in the state.
Leadership Audacity:-
She is an excellent orator. She is the boss of her party. No one
disobeys her. Dismissal will wait if some minister or MLA or leader disobeys
her. She has a filmy background that makes her popular.
2G Spectrum Troubles Karunanidhi:-
The revelation of 2G Spectrum troubled Karunanidhi. The involvement of
family members of Kalaignar has made the people of Tamil Nadu think negatively.
Thus, people of Tamil Nadu thought to have chosen a better option out of
evil-duo. Thus, the disproportionate case of Jayalalithaa seems to be lighter
than the 2G Spectrum.
Populist Schemes:-
She became so popular launching populist schemes like Amma Canteen, Amma
Salt, Amma Medical Stores, Amma Mineral Water, Amma Mobile Phones, Amma Cement,
Amma Seeds, amma babykit for the newborn baby in GH, etc. She also offered 20
kg free rice, free milk-cow, goats, free mixer, grinder, table fan, free
laptop, pedestal fans, wet grinders, color televisions, land to farmers.She succeeded
to influence people offering freebies and subsidies.
Amma Unavagam
Jayalalithaa launched Amma Unavagam or Amma Canteens restaurants or
canteens to feed the laborers and lower class families. She launched four
canteens in 2014, 203 in 2015 and 45 in 2016. It was mainly in Chennai but Coimbatore has been added to this list of
late. Women from Self Help Groups are making these.
INR 13 for two meals
INR 1 per idli,
INR 5 for a plate of sambar rice
INR 3 for a plate of curd rice
INR 1 Wada
INR 5 per Puri
Amma Marundagam
In 2016, Jayalalithaa launched over a hundred pharmacies in Chennai and
other districts like Cuddalore, Erode, Kancheepuram, Madurai, Salem,
Sivagangai, and Virudhunagar. The Government is giving 15 percent discount. The
customers can get medicines from 7a.m. to 11p.m. all seven days in a week.
Amma Kaipesi Thittam
Jayalalithaa Government started Amma Kaipesi Thittam which would provide
computerized mobile phones to 20,000 self-help groups in 2015. The approximate
expenditure for this scheme is 15 crore rupees. There are 6.02 lakh self-help
groups with 92 lakh workers.
Amma Kudineer Thittam
On the occasion of the 105th birth anniversary of CN Annadurai,
Jayalalithaa, Jayalalithaa launched the Amma Kudineer Thittam which permits the
people of Tamil Nadu to process mineral water at a lower price. Amma Water has
been launched in various Bus stands and Railway station in and across Tamil
Nadu.
Amma Seeds
Subsidized high-quality Amma seeds were given away to the farmers of
Tamil Nadu expending 5.37 crore rupees. It started in the month of January in
2014.
Amma Cement Scheme
In Tamil Nadu, the price of a 50kg cement packet is between 370 to 390
rupees.The government brought a scheme namely Amma Cement Scheme under which
the eligible from lower and middle-class people can attain a maximum of 750
packets Amma Cement with a rate of 170 rupees a packet. The applicant must
submit a building plan.
Amma Master Health Check-up
The cost of INR 207.33 crore is for subsidy in this respect. The government
launched three health check-up schemes –
Amma Master Health Check- up,
Amma Special Master Health Check-up Scheme for Women and
Amma Arokia Thittam.
Sympathy for Amma.
Both Karunanidhi and Jayalalithaa has a connection to Anna Durai and
Jayalalithaa has an association with MGR. This is special to the people of
Tamil Nadi. When she was imprisoned , Tamil Nadu saw the uproar, the cries, the
hurly-burly, the chaos, the sorrow and the support for the Amma. They do not
believe that their Amma can do any wrong. It was a victim card for
Jayalalithaa.
Sources:-
1. Election Commission of India
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